AI-assisted review
Instance benchmark

Hetzner ccx13

The complete benchmark report. Every workload, in one place.

2 vCPU7.6 GiB RAMx86_64Nuremberg, DE
Published report · 17 Oct 2026 · One deployment · 21 min test windowUbuntu 24.04.4 · Region nbg1 · Method pilot-1

All values below are medians of passed runs unless stated otherwise.

01 /

CPU performance

sysbench 1.0.20 prime workload · 1 thread and all 2 vCPUs.

1,649events/s
Single thread
1,791events/s
All 2 vCPUs
Events / sec
  • 1 thread
    1,649
  • 2 threads
    1,791

Median of 3 passed runs of about 30 seconds per thread count.

gzip fixed corpus · compression input throughput 242.1 MiB/s · single run.

02 /

Memory bandwidth

sysbench 1.0.20 memory · sequential read and write operations.

Read29,872 MiB/s
Write24,397 MiB/s
CopyNot measured
Throughput (MiB/s)
  • Read
    29,872
  • Write
    24,397
  • Copy
    Not measured

Median of 3 passed runs of about 30 seconds per operation. The copy workload is deferred in this methodology.

03 /

Disk performance

fio 3.36 · direct I/O · sequential, random and mixed jobs measured separately.

WorkloadThroughputp95 latency
Sequential read4,389 MB/s10,027 µs
Sequential write3,873 MB/s10,945 µs
Random read72,435 IOPS585.7 µs
Random write60,997 IOPS888.8 µs
Random mix · read38,828 IOPS798.7 µs
Random mix · write16,648 IOPS962.6 µs

Median of 3 passed runs of about 30 seconds per job. The mixed job's reads and writes are listed separately.

04 /

Network performance

Source: Nuremberg, DE · published internet speed observations.

No published internet speed test for this plan and region.

The original capped iperf path checks are retained as historical evidence under Evidence.

05 /

PostgreSQL performance

PostgreSQL 16.15 · pgbench · in-memory and storage-bound datasets.

Dataset profileTransactions / secAverage latencyPassed runs
In memory3,1361.27 ms3 of 3 passed
Storage-bound2,8161.42 ms3 of 3 passed

Median of 3 passed runs of about 30 seconds per dataset. Latency percentiles were not measured.

06 /

Consistency across runs

One deployment · repeated runs inside the recorded test window.

24-hour consistencyNot measured

Workload skipped · No measured score. This report covers a 21 min test window, so no time series exists and none is drawn.

RepetitionCPU 1 threadMemory readRandom readPostgreSQL
11,650 events/s29,515 MiB/s73,408 IOPS3,136 tx/s
21,649 events/s29,872 MiB/s71,819 IOPS3,039 tx/s
31,648 events/s30,316 MiB/s72,435 IOPS3,138 tx/s

Individual runs, not medians. PostgreSQL uses the in-memory dataset. Spread within one test window does not establish long-term consistency.

07 /

Inspect the evidence.

Recorded environment, reviewed measurements and the published snapshot.

OSUbuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Architecturex86_64
Methodpilot-1
Deployments1
Window21 min
report.json

Reviewed, sanitized snapshot: every run, the environment record and all limitations. Raw intake logs remain private.

Read the full methodology

One deployment describes this report, not every server a provider operates.

A 21 min test window does not establish 24-hour consistency or long-term reliability.

AI-assisted review · AI-assisted review · Reviewed 18 Oct 2026 · Published 18 Oct 2026 · Revision 1

Review and measurement limits
  • Single deployment; not an independent three-instance cohort.
  • No hardware attestation.
  • Pilot memory implements read/write; copy workload deferred.
  • Network endpoints must be supplied by the operator; no public third-party servers are used.
  • Database latency distribution is not available from this pilot parser; average latency only.
  • This profile is not a full implementation of all proposed methodology tests.
  • Resource-constrained environment: CPU workers and RAM reflect affinity/cgroup limits, not host capacity. Private resource-limits evidence retains both; do not merge container/VM or architecture cohorts.
  • Short profile: does not establish 24-hour consistency.
  • This report received AI-assisted evidence review under user-delegated authorization. This is not independent human verification or hardware attestation.
  • This pilot measures its recorded test window. It does not establish 24-hour consistency, long-term reliability or provider-wide performance.
  • Network tests use two controlled endpoints, one stream, a 100 Mbit/s rate setting and a requested 64 MiB byte target per direction. Reverse-mode polling can exceed that byte target; actual sent and received bytes govern traffic accounting. These results do not measure maximum link capacity.
  • Provider, region and SKU were matched to retained deployment records. Missing detected values and deployment locations within a detected Hetzner network zone use operator-supplied context and remain labelled supplied. The original detected network zone is retained privately; the detected datacenter zone remains in the report. Control-plane records and checksums do not attest the physical host or establish physical-host independence.
  • Package versions and available guard and journal evidence were reviewed. These records do not establish continuous absence of package activity throughout the test window.
  • The pilot includes memory read/write and average PostgreSQL latency. Memory-copy tests and PostgreSQL latency percentiles are not implemented. Skipped consistency and missing measurements are not scores.
  • These network observations were collected during provider-reported maintenance on core routers. They are not a normal-path baseline. The status notice does not establish that maintenance caused any individual measurement or any CPU, memory, disk or database result.
Environment and configuration
Recorded fieldValue
ProviderHetzner · detected
RegionNuremberg, DE (nbg1) · supplied
Planccx13 · supplied
CPUAMD EPYC-Milan Processor
Architecturex86_64
Kernel6.8.0-138-generic
Virtualizationkvm
Agent0.2.0 (45388107250ca6e26b216f15a9c17b8d405ec1b7+source.ff98e866b26b3ac76b512554)
Dependenciessysbench: sysbench 1.0.20 · fio: fio-3.36 · iperf3: iperf 3.16 (cJSON 1.7.15) · postgresql: postgres (PostgreSQL) 16.15 (Ubuntu 16.15-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) · pgbench: pgbench (PostgreSQL) 16.15 (Ubuntu 16.15-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) · gzip: gzip 1.12 · apt:sysbench: 1.0.20+ds-6build2 · apt:fio: 3.36-1ubuntu0.1 · apt:iperf3: 3.16-1build2 · apt:postgresql-16: 16.15-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 · apt:postgresql-client-16: 16.15-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 · apt:gzip: 1.12-1ubuntu3.2
Configuration hash5bc0411d7537edc5c81faa1314ff9a9ffdac75c5427b67081577016fdcfcbaa7
Started2026-10-17T16:26:33.770Z
Finished2026-10-17T16:47:13.603Z
Execution statuscompleted
Historical capped network path checks

Original full benchmark deployment · 17 Oct 2026. These controlled iperf path checks used a 100 Mbit/s rate setting and do not measure internet speed or maximum link capacity. RTT is the probe mean; jitter and packet loss were not measured. The original report JSON retains these measurements.

Controlled destinationDownloadUploadRTTJitterLoss
Controlled endpoint 1100.1 Mbit/s100.1 Mbit/s2.99 ms——
Controlled endpoint 2100.1 Mbit/s100.1 Mbit/s0.77 ms——
Every measured repetition and outcome

CPU performance

Workload / repetitionOutcomeMetricValue
CPU 1 thread(s) · repetition 1passedEvents per second1,650 events/s
CPU 2 thread(s) · repetition 1passedEvents per second1,790 events/s
CPU 1 thread(s) · repetition 2passedEvents per second1,649 events/s
CPU 2 thread(s) · repetition 2passedEvents per second1,795 events/s
CPU 1 thread(s) · repetition 3passedEvents per second1,648 events/s
CPU 2 thread(s) · repetition 3passedEvents per second1,791 events/s
gzip fixed corpus · repetition 1passedCompression input throughput242.1 MiB/s

Memory bandwidth

Workload / repetitionOutcomeMetricValue
Memory read · repetition 1passedBandwidth29,515 MiB/s
Memory write · repetition 1passedBandwidth24,276 MiB/s
Memory read · repetition 2passedBandwidth29,872 MiB/s
Memory write · repetition 2passedBandwidth24,881 MiB/s
Memory read · repetition 3passedBandwidth30,316 MiB/s
Memory write · repetition 3passedBandwidth24,397 MiB/s

Disk performance

Workload / repetitionOutcomeMetricValue
Disk write · repetition 1passedwrite bandwidth3,873 MB/s
Disk write · repetition 1passedwrite operations3,694 IOPS
Disk write · repetition 1passedwrite p50 latency8,225 µs
Disk write · repetition 1passedwrite p95 latency11,338 µs
Disk write · repetition 1passedwrite p99 latency16,450 µs
Disk read · repetition 1passedread bandwidth5,245 MB/s
Disk read · repetition 1passedread operations5,002 IOPS
Disk read · repetition 1passedread p50 latency5,997 µs
Disk read · repetition 1passedread p95 latency8,356 µs
Disk read · repetition 1passedread p99 latency9,634 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 1passedwrite bandwidth246.7 MB/s
Disk randwrite · repetition 1passedwrite operations60,226 IOPS
Disk randwrite · repetition 1passedwrite p50 latency485.4 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 1passedwrite p95 latency954.4 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 1passedwrite p99 latency1,286 µs
Disk randread · repetition 1passedread bandwidth300.7 MB/s
Disk randread · repetition 1passedread operations73,408 IOPS
Disk randread · repetition 1passedread p50 latency419.8 µs
Disk randread · repetition 1passedread p95 latency569.3 µs
Disk randread · repetition 1passedread p99 latency839.7 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedread bandwidth159.0 MB/s
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedread operations38,828 IOPS
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedread p50 latency544.8 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedread p95 latency815.1 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedread p99 latency1,073 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedwrite bandwidth68.2 MB/s
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedwrite operations16,648 IOPS
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedwrite p50 latency528.4 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedwrite p95 latency962.6 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 1passedwrite p99 latency1,368 µs
Disk write · repetition 2passedwrite bandwidth4,110 MB/s
Disk write · repetition 2passedwrite operations3,919 IOPS
Disk write · repetition 2passedwrite p50 latency7,766 µs
Disk write · repetition 2passedwrite p95 latency10,945 µs
Disk write · repetition 2passedwrite p99 latency14,615 µs
Disk read · repetition 2passedread bandwidth4,389 MB/s
Disk read · repetition 2passedread operations4,185 IOPS
Disk read · repetition 2passedread p50 latency7,111 µs
Disk read · repetition 2passedread p95 latency10,027 µs
Disk read · repetition 2passedread p99 latency11,207 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 2passedwrite bandwidth249.8 MB/s
Disk randwrite · repetition 2passedwrite operations60,997 IOPS
Disk randwrite · repetition 2passedwrite p50 latency489.5 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 2passedwrite p95 latency888.8 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 2passedwrite p99 latency1,237 µs
Disk randread · repetition 2passedread bandwidth294.2 MB/s
Disk randread · repetition 2passedread operations71,819 IOPS
Disk randread · repetition 2passedread p50 latency428.0 µs
Disk randread · repetition 2passedread p95 latency585.7 µs
Disk randread · repetition 2passedread p99 latency806.9 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedread bandwidth159.4 MB/s
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedread operations38,926 IOPS
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedread p50 latency544.8 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedread p95 latency790.5 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedread p99 latency1,012 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedwrite bandwidth68.4 MB/s
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedwrite operations16,689 IOPS
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedwrite p50 latency536.6 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedwrite p95 latency938.0 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 2passedwrite p99 latency1,352 µs
Disk write · repetition 3passedwrite bandwidth3,860 MB/s
Disk write · repetition 3passedwrite operations3,681 IOPS
Disk write · repetition 3passedwrite p50 latency8,454 µs
Disk write · repetition 3passedwrite p95 latency10,420 µs
Disk write · repetition 3passedwrite p99 latency12,517 µs
Disk read · repetition 3passedread bandwidth4,252 MB/s
Disk read · repetition 3passedread operations4,055 IOPS
Disk read · repetition 3passedread p50 latency7,373 µs
Disk read · repetition 3passedread p95 latency10,289 µs
Disk read · repetition 3passedread p99 latency11,469 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 3passedwrite bandwidth251.4 MB/s
Disk randwrite · repetition 3passedwrite operations61,383 IOPS
Disk randwrite · repetition 3passedwrite p50 latency489.5 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 3passedwrite p95 latency864.3 µs
Disk randwrite · repetition 3passedwrite p99 latency1,237 µs
Disk randread · repetition 3passedread bandwidth296.7 MB/s
Disk randread · repetition 3passedread operations72,435 IOPS
Disk randread · repetition 3passedread p50 latency423.9 µs
Disk randread · repetition 3passedread p95 latency593.9 µs
Disk randread · repetition 3passedread p99 latency823.3 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedread bandwidth158.0 MB/s
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedread operations38,571 IOPS
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedread p50 latency536.6 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedread p95 latency798.7 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedread p99 latency1,044 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedwrite bandwidth67.7 MB/s
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedwrite operations16,534 IOPS
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedwrite p50 latency553.0 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedwrite p95 latency1,004 µs
Disk randrw · repetition 3passedwrite p99 latency1,417 µs

Network performance

Workload / repetitionOutcomeMetricValue
Network upload endpoint 1 · repetition 1passedSender throughput100.2 Mbit/s
Network upload endpoint 1 · repetition 1passedReceiver throughput100.1 Mbit/s
Network download endpoint 1 · repetition 1passedSender throughput100.1 Mbit/s
Network download endpoint 1 · repetition 1passedReceiver throughput100.1 Mbit/s
Latency endpoint 1 · repetition 1passedRound-trip mean2.99 ms
Network upload endpoint 2 · repetition 1passedSender throughput100.2 Mbit/s
Network upload endpoint 2 · repetition 1passedReceiver throughput100.1 Mbit/s
Network download endpoint 2 · repetition 1passedSender throughput100.1 Mbit/s
Network download endpoint 2 · repetition 1passedReceiver throughput100.1 Mbit/s
Latency endpoint 2 · repetition 1passedRound-trip mean0.77 ms

PostgreSQL performance

Workload / repetitionOutcomeMetricValue
PostgreSQL memory dataset · repetition 1passedTransactions3,136 tx/s
PostgreSQL memory dataset · repetition 1passedAverage latency1.27 ms
PostgreSQL memory dataset · repetition 2passedTransactions3,039 tx/s
PostgreSQL memory dataset · repetition 2passedAverage latency1.31 ms
PostgreSQL memory dataset · repetition 3passedTransactions3,138 tx/s
PostgreSQL memory dataset · repetition 3passedAverage latency1.27 ms
PostgreSQL storage dataset · repetition 1passedTransactions2,816 tx/s
PostgreSQL storage dataset · repetition 1passedAverage latency1.42 ms
PostgreSQL storage dataset · repetition 2passedTransactions2,802 tx/s
PostgreSQL storage dataset · repetition 2passedAverage latency1.43 ms
PostgreSQL storage dataset · repetition 3passedTransactions2,849 tx/s
PostgreSQL storage dataset · repetition 3passedAverage latency1.40 ms

Consistency over time

Workload / repetitionOutcomeMetricValue
24-hour consistency · repetition 1skippedNo measured scoreNot measured