‍In today’s digital landscape, the need for efficient and secure file transfer methods is paramount. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) remains a popular choice for transferring files to and from servers. Among the various FTP servers available, VSFTPD (Very Secure FTP Daemon) stands out as a widely used and free option, offering robust security features. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the process of installing, configuring, and securing VSFTPD on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Prerequisites

Before we dive into the installation process, let’s ensure that we have everything in place. This guide assumes that you have already installed Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (either the desktop or server version) and have either root privileges or a regular user with sudo privileges. Additionally, make sure that ports 20 and 21 are publicly open. To enable passive mode, also open the ports range 50000-50100.

Installation Steps

Let’s get started with the installation process for VSFTPD on Ubuntu. Open your terminal and follow the commands below:

# Refresh packages index
sudo apt-get update

# InstallVSFTPD
sudo apt-get install vsftpd

To verify the successful installation, check the version and status of VSFTPD:

#VSFTPD Version
sudo vsftpd-version

#VSFTPD Status
sudo systemctl status vsftpd

If the output shows the version and status of VSFTPD, it means that the installation was successful. However, if it’s not running or enabled, you can use the following commands to enable and start it:

# EnableVSFTPD
sudo systemctl enable vsftpd

# StartVSFTPD
sudo systemctl start vsftpd

Configuring VSFTPD

Now that VSFTPD is up and running, let’s move on to configuring it. We will update the main configuration file located at /etc/vsftpd.conf. It’s always a good practice to create a backup of the original configuration file before making any changes:

# BackupVSFTPD configuration
sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.orig

To update the configurations, open the configuration file using your preferred editor (in this guide, we’ll use nano):

# Open the configuration using nano editor
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

Now, let’s go through some important configurations that you might want to modify according to your requirements:

1. Run standalone or from inetd

By default, VSFTPD runs as a standalone daemon. To enable this, make sure the listen directive is set to NO:

listen=NO

2. Enable IPv6 listening

If you want to enable listening on IPv6 sockets, uncomment the following line:

listen_ipv6=YES

3. Allow local users to log in

To allow local users to log in, uncomment the following line:

local_enable=YES

4. Enable FTP write commands

If you want to enable any form of FTP write command, uncomment the following line:

write_enable=YES

5. Change the default umask for local users

If you wish to change the default umask for local users, modify the following line:

local_umask=022

6. Activate directory messages

To activate directory messages that are given to remote users when they enter a certain directory, uncomment the following line:

dirmessage_enable=YES

7. Activate logging of uploads/downloads

To activate logging of uploads and downloads, uncomment the following line:

xferlog_enable=YES

8. Restrict local users to their home directories

If you want to restrict local users to their home directories, uncomment the following line:

chroot_local_user=YES

9. Define the PAM service name

Specify the name of the PAM service VSFTPD will use:

pam_service_name=vsftpd

10. Additional configurations

You can further customize your VSFTPD configuration by adding the following lines:

vsftpd_log_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
tcp_wrappers=YES
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_min_port=50000
pasv_max_port=50100
allow_writeable_chroot=NO
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.userlist
userlist_deny=NO

Save the configuration file and exit the editor. Now, restart VSFTPD to apply the changes:

# RestartVSFTPD
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd

Managing Local FTP Users

Now that the VSFTPD server is configured, we can create and manage local FTP users. These users will be able to connect to the FTP server using FTP clients on remote systems. To add a new local user, follow these steps:

# Add User
sudo useradd -m -c "FTP User 1" -s /bin/bash ftpuser1

# Set Password
sudo passwd ftpuser1

Replace ftpuser1 with the desired username. You will be prompted to set a password for the user. Once the user is created, we need to create directories for storing FTP files and set the appropriate permissions:

sudo mkdir /home/ftpuser1/ftp
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /home/ftpuser1/ftp
sudo chmod a-w /home/ftpuser1/ftp
sudo mkdir /home/ftpuser1/ftp/files
sudo chown -R ftpuser1:ftpuser1 /home/ftpuser1/ftp/files
sudo chmod -R 0770 /home/ftpuser1/ftp/files

To update the VSFTPD allowed users list, modify the file /etc/vsftpd.userlist:

# Add User - Update Users List
echo "ftpuser1" | sudo tee -a /etc/vsftpd.userlist

Now, your local FTP user is ready to connect to the VSFTPD server using an FTP client application.

Securing the VSFTPD Server

To enhance the security of your VSFTPD server, we can configure it to allow FTP over TLS communication. This requires a valid SSL certificate. You can obtain a free SSL certificate using Let’s Encrypt for Apache or Nginx. Alternatively, you can generate a self-signed certificate using OpenSSL.

Once you have obtained an SSL certificate, open the VSFTPD configuration file again:

# Open the configuration using nano editor
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

Update the following configurations to enable FTP over TLS:

rsa_cert_file=<SSL Certificate File>
rsa_private_key_file=<Key File>
ssl_enable=YES

Additionally, you can add the following lines to further secure your VSFTPD server:

debug_ssl=YES
ssl_tlsv1=YES
ssl_sslv2=NO
ssl_sslv3=NO
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
require_ssl_reuse=NO
ssl_ciphers=HIGH

Save the configuration file and restart VSFTPD:

# RestartVSFTPD
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd

Congratulations! You have successfully installed and secured the VSFTPD server on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Conclusion

In this guide, we have covered the step-by-step process of installing, configuring, and securing VSFTPD on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. By following the instructions provided, you can create a secure file transfer environment for your organization. Remember to regularly update and monitor your FTP server to ensure its continued security. If you require further assistance or have any questions, feel free to reach out to our expert team at Shape.host.

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Christian Wells